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The Android Emulator supports several hardware acceleration features to improve performance, sometimes drastically. Android Studio typically prompts you to install any required software, and suggests the best configuration for your development computer. The following sections describe how you can fine-tune the graphics and virtual machine (VM) acceleration settings, if needed, and manually install VM acceleration software.
Graphics acceleration for the emulator takes advantage of the graphics hardware on your development computer, specifically the graphics processing unit (GPU), to make screen rendering faster. Android devices use OpenGL for Embedded Systems (OpenGL ES or GLES) for rendering both 2D and 3D graphics on the screen.
When you create an Android Virtual Device (AVD) in the AVD Manager, you can specify that graphics acceleration occur in hardware or software to emulate the GPU of the virtual device. Hardware acceleration is faster; software acceleration is useful if your computer uses graphics drivers that aren't compatible with the emulator. In this case, hardware graphics rendering can be poor or cause the emulator to crash.
The default is to let the emulator decide if it should use hardware or software graphics acceleration based on your computer setup. If the GPU hardware is compatible, the emulator uses it; otherwise, it uses software GPU emulation.
If you start the emulator from the command line, you can override the graphics acceleration setting in the AVD for that emulator instance, if needed.
Graphics acceleration has the following requirements:
To configure an AVD to use hardware or software graphics acceleration, follow these steps:
To specify a graphics acceleration type when you run an AVD from the command line,
include the -gpu option:
emulator -avd avd_name -gpu setting [{-option [value]} ... ]
Where setting can be any of the following:
auto - Let the emulator choose hardware or software graphics acceleration
based on your computer setup. It checks if your GPU driver matches a preexisting blacklist of
known faulty GPU drivers, and if it does, the emulator uses -gpu off.
Otherwise, the emulator uses -gpu host.host - Use the GPU on your computer. This option is typically the fastest.
However, some drivers have issues with rendering OpenGL graphics, so using
the computer GPU might not be a reliable option. (Equivalent to on and
enabled, both deprecated.)swiftshader - Use
SwiftShader
to render graphics in software. It's slower than using the GPU, but normally yields good results.
mesa - Use the Mesa 3D
software library to render graphics. This solution has been
deprecated in favor of SwiftShader, which is faster and more compliant with the OpenGL ES
standards, resulting in fewer rendering errors in certain edge cases.angle - Use Almost Native Graphics Layer Engine
(ANGLE) and Microsoft DirectX to render graphics in
software. It's currently supported on Windows only. When your hardware isn't compatible with
the emulator,
it's a good alternative to using -gpu host:
-gpu host, which uses OpenGL ES
instead of Microsoft DirectX.-gpu host.
off - Disable graphics hardware emulation. The emulator doesn't use the GPU for
graphics rendering, and instead uses the CPU, which can be much slower and cause improper
rendering for some items. This option is available for legacy
reasons only, and is required when using VM snapshots (an experimental feature in
Android Studio 2.2). This option might be deprecated eventually.
(Equivalent to disabled, which is deprecated.)
Many modern CPUs provide extensions for running VMs more efficiently. Taking advantage of these extensions with the emulator requires some additional configuration of your development computer, but can significantly improve the execution speed. This section outlines the VM acceleration requirements, including those for each operating system.
To use VM acceleration with the emulator, you need to meet the following Android development tools requirements:
AVDs that use ARM- or MIPS-based system images can't be accelerated using the emulator configurations described in the following sections.
Before attempting to use acceleration, you should first determine if your CPU supports one of the following virtualization extensions technologies:
Most modern computers do. If you use an older computer and you're not sure, consult the specifications from the manufacturer of your CPU to determine if it supports virtualization extensions. If your CPU doesn't support one of these virtualization technologies, then you can't use VM acceleration.
Virtualization extensions are typically enabled through your computer BIOS and are frequently turned off by default. Check the documentation for your motherboard to find out how to enable virtualization extensions.
Note the following restrictions of VM acceleration:
Emulator acceleration requires that you install either Intel Hardware Accelerated Execution Manager (Intel HAXM) or Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM), which are types of hypervisors. If the needed hypervisor isn't installed, Android Studio typically prompts you to install it. The following sections describe how to install them on different operating systems.
Without acceleration, the emulator takes the machine code from the VM and translates it block-by-block to conform to the architecture of the host computer. This process can be quite slow. But, if the VM and the architecture of the host computer match (such as x86 on x86), the emulator can skip translating the code and simply run it directly on the actual CPU using a hypervisor. In this case, the emulator can approach the speed of your actual computer.
Typically, Android Studio prompts you to install the needed software when you do any of the following:
If you ever need to check whether HAXM or KVM is installed,
you can use the emulator -accel-check
command-line option.
For example, here's sample output on a Mac, where sdk is the Android
SDK location:
janedoe-macbookpro:tools janedoe$ ./sdk/tools/emulator -accel-check accel: 0 HAXM version 6.0.3 (3) is installed and usable. accel
For Linux:
janedoe:~/Android/Sdk/tools$ ./sdk/tools/emulator -accel-check accel: 0 KVM (version 12) is installed and usable. accel
VM acceleration for Windows requires the installation of Intel HAXM.
Your computer must have an Intel processor with support for the following:
Your computer must use one of the following 64-bit operating systems, or a 32-bit operating system with a CPU that supports 64-bit instructions:
On Windows 8 or 10, you must turn off Hyper-V in the Control Panel, or the emulator won't run. Note that installing certain software could turn it back on. In this case, where possible, Android Studio displays a "quick fix" link in certain dialogs that lets you easily turn it off again.
To install the HAXM driver, follow these steps:
sdk\extras\intel\Hardware_Accelerated_Execution_Manager\intelhaxm-android.exe.
sc query intelhaxm
You should see a status message that includes the following information:
SERVICE_NAME: intelhaxm
...
STATE : 4 RUNNING
...
For more information, see Installation Instructions for Intel HAXM.
You can adjust the amount of memory available to the Intel HAXM kernel extension by running the installer again.
You can stop using the virtualization driver by uninstalling it. To remove the software, run the installer or use the Control Panel.
To use VM acceleration on a Mac, you must install the Intel HAXM kernel extension to allow the emulator to make use of CPU virtualization extensions. Android Studio requires Mac OS X 10.8.5 or higher, up to 10.11.4 (El Capitan) Mac OS X; the kernel extension is compatible with Mac OS X 10.6.0 and higher.
To install the Intel HAXM kernel extension, follow these steps:
sdk/extras/intel/Hardware_Accelerated_Execution_Manager/IntelHAXM_version.dmg.kextstat | grep intel
You should see a status message containing the following extension name, indicating that the kernel extension is loaded:
com.intel.kext.intelhaxm
For more information, see Installation Instructions for Intel HAXM.
You can adjust the amount of memory available to the Intel HAXM kernel extension by running the installer again.
You can stop using the virtualization kernel driver by uninstalling it. Before removing it, shut down any running x86 emulators. To unload the virtualization kernel driver, run the following command in a terminal window:
sudo /System/Library/Extensions/intelhaxm.kext/Contents/Resources/uninstall.sh
Linux-based systems support VM acceleration through the KVM software package. Follow the instructions for installing KVM on your Linux system, and verify that KVM is enabled. For an example, see Ubuntu KVM Installation.
Running KVM requires specific user permissions. Make sure you have sufficient permissions as specified in the KVM installation instructions.
To run an accelerated emulator on a Linux computer, it must also meet these requirements:
You can use the emulator -accel-check
command-line option to check whether you have KVM installed. Alternatively, you can install the
cpu-checker package containing the kvm-ok command.
After, you can enter:
$ egrep –c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo 12 $ kvm-ok INFO: /dev/kvm exists KVM acceleration can be used
If KVM is missing or to ensure you have the latest KVM installed, enter the following command line to install it:
$sudo apt-get install qemu-kvm libvirt-bin ubuntu-vm-builder bridge-utils ia32-libs-multiarch