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You can execute all the build tasks available to your Android project using
the Gradle wrapper command line tool. It's
available as a batch file for Windows (gradlew.bat) and a shell
script for Linux and Mac (gradlew.sh), and it's
accessible from the root of each project you create with Android Studio.
To run a task with the wrapper, use one of the following commands:
gradlew task-name
./gradlew task-name
To see a list of all available build tasks for
your project, execute tasks:
gradlew tasks
The rest of this page describes the basics to build and run your app with the Gradle wrapper. For more information about how to set up your Android build, see Configure Your Build.
If you'd prefer to use the Android Studio tools instead of the command line tools, instead see Build and Run Your App.
By default, there are two build types available for every Android app: one for debugging your app—the debug build—and one for releasing your app to users—the release build. The resulting APK from each build must be signed with a certificate before you can install on an emulator or device. The debug build is automatically signed with a debug key provided by the SDK tools (it's insecure and you cannot publish this APK to Google Play Store), and the release build must be signed with your own private key.
If you want to build an APK for release, it's important that you first read Sign Your App. That page describes the procedure for generating a private key and then using it to sign your APK file. If you're just getting started, however, you can quickly run your apps on an emulator or a connected device by building a debug APK.
You can also define a custom build type in your build.gradle
file and configure it to be signed as a debug build by including
debuggable true. For more information,
see Configure Build Variants.
For immediate app testing and debugging, you can build a debug APK.
The debug APK is signed with a debug key provided by the SDK tools and
allows debugging through adb.
To build a debug APK, open a command line and navigate to the root of your
project directory—from Android Studio, select View > Tool Windows >
Terminal. To initiate a debug build, invoke the assembleDebug
task:
gradlew assembleDebug
This creates an APK named module_name-debug.apk in
project_name/module_name/build/outputs/apk/.
The file is already signed with the debug key and aligned with
zipalign, so you can
immediately install it on a device.
Or to build the APK and immediately install it on a running emulator or
connected device, instead invoke installDebug:
gradlew installDebug
The "Debug" part in the above task names is just a
camel-case version of the build variant name, so it can be replaced with whichever build variant you
want to assemble or install. For example, if you have a "demo" product flavor,
then you can build the debug version with the
assembleDemoDebug task.
To see all the build and install tasks available for each variant (including
uninstall tasks), run the tasks task.
Also see the section about how to run your app on the emulator and run your app on a device.
When you're ready to release and distribute your app, you must build a release APK that is signed with your private key.
For more information, see Sign Your App.
To use the Android Emulator, you must create an Android Virtual Device (AVD) using Android Studio.
Once you have an AVD, start the Android Emulator and install your app as follows:
In a command line, navigate to
android_sdk/tools/ and start the emulator by
specifying your AVD:
emulator -avd avd_name
If you're unsure of the AVD name, execute
emulator -list-avds.
adb tool:
adb install path/to/your_app.apk
All built APKs are saved in
project_name/module_name/build/outputs/apk/.
For more information, see Run Apps on the Android Emulator.
Before you can run your app on a device, you must enable USB debugging on your device. You can find the option under Settings > Developer options.
Note: On Android 4.2 and newer, Developer options is hidden by default. To make it available, go to Settings > About phone and tap Build number seven times. Return to the previous screen to find Developer options.
Once your device is set up and connected via USB, you can install your app
using either the Gradle install tasks mentioned above or the
adb tool:
adb -d install path/to/your_app.apk
All built APKs are saved in
project_name/module_name/build/outputs/apk/.
For more information, see Run Apps on a Hardware Device.